Quotes & Notes on:
Matthew 2:2
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John Wesley's Notes:
To pay him that honour, by bowing to the earth before him, which the
eastern nations used to pay to their monarchs.
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Treasury of Scripture Knowledge:
* born. Mt 21:5; Ps 2:6; Isa 9:6; 32:1,2; Jer 23:5; Zec 9:9; Lu 2:11;
19:38 Lu 23:3,38; Joh 1:49; 12:13; 18:37; 19:12-15,19
* his. Nu 24:17; Isa 60:3; Lu 1:78,79; Re 22:16
* worship. Mt 2:10,11; Ps 45:11; Joh 5:23; 9:38; 20:28; Heb 1:6
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Adam Clarke's Commentary:
We have seen his star] Having discovered an unusual luminous
appearance or meteor in the heavens, supposing these persons to have
been Jews, and knowing the prophecies relative to the redemption of
Israel, they probably considered this to be the star mentioned by
Balaam, Nu 24:17. See the note there.
In the east]
, At its
rise. and
are used in
the New Testament for east and west.
To worship him.] Or, To do him homage;
. The word
, which is
compounded of
, to, and
, a dog,
signifies to crouch and fawn like a dog at his master's feet. It means,
to prostrate oneself to another, according to the eastern custom, which
is still in use. In this act, the person kneels, and puts his head
between his knees, his forehead at the same time touching the ground. It
was used to express both civil and religious reverence. In Hindostan,
religious homage is paid by prostrating the body at full length, so that
the two knees, the two hands, forehead, nose, and cheeks all touch the
earth at the same time. This kind of homage is paid also to great men.
AYEEN AKBERY, vol. iii. p. 227.
As to what is here called a star, some make it a meteor, others a
luminous appearance like an Aurora Borealis; others a comet! There is no
doubt, the appearance was very striking: but it seems to have been a
simple meteor provided for the occasion. See ACC for Mt 2:9.
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Family Bible Notes:
Born King of the Jews; there was at this time, as we learn from
heathen writers, a general expectation throughout the east, that one
would be born in Judea who should possess universal dominion. Among the
Gentiles, this expectation was probably founded on some imperfect
acquaintance with the prophecies of the Old Testament. In the east; in
their own country, which lay east of Judea. The nature of this star we
have no means of determining. It is sufficient for us to know that God
in some way made known to these Magi its meaning, and influenced them to
take this journey, to find and pay their homage to the new-born King.
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1599 Geneva Bible Notes:
(No comment on this verse)
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People's New Testament Commentary:
Where is he that is born King of the Jews? Their question shows
two things: (1) That they partook of the general expectation that about
this time there would appear in the East a Ruler divinely appointed to
his mission. The works of profane writers of this period show that this
expectation was general. (2) It is plain that the wise men
misapprehended the mission of Christ, and expected him to be a secular
king.
We have seen his star in the east. No certain conclusion can be reached
as to what this appearance in the heavens was, and it is useless to
enter into the discussion. It seemed a part of God's plan that Gentiles
as well as Jews should offer homage to the infant King.
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Robertson's Word Pictures:
For we saw his star in the cast (eidomen gar autou
ton astera en têi anatolêi). This does not mean that they saw the star
which was in the east. That would make them go east to follow it instead
of west from the east. The words "in the east" are probably to be taken
with "we saw" i.e. we were in the east when we saw it, or still more
probably "we saw his star at its rising" or "when it rose" as Moffatt
puts it. The singular form here (têi anatolêi) does sometimes mean
"east" (Re 21:13), though the plural is more common as in Mt 2:1. In Lu
1:78 the singular means dawn as the verb (aneteilen) does in Mt 4:16
(Septuagint). The Magi ask where is the one born king of the Jews. They
claim that they had seen his star, either a miracle or a combination of
bright stars or a comet. These men may have been Jewish proselytes and
may have known of the Messianic hope, for even Vergil had caught a
vision of it. The whole world was on tiptoe of expectancy for something.
Moulton (Journal of Theological Studies, 1902, p. 524) "refers to the
Magian belief that a star could be the fravashi, the counterpart or
angel (cf. Mt 18:10) of a great man" (McNeile). They came to worship the
newly born king of the Jews. Seneca (Epistle 58) tells of Magians who
came to Athens with sacrifices to Plato after his death. They had their
own way of concluding that the star which they had seen pointed to the
birth of this Messianic king. Cicero (De Divin. i. 47) "refers to the
constellation from which, on the birthnight of Alexander, Magians
foretold that the destroyer of Asia was born" (McNeile). Alford is
positive that no miracle is intended by the report of the Magi or by
Matthew in his narrative. But one must be allowed to say that the birth
of Jesus, if really God's only Son who has become Incarnate, is the
greatest of all miracles. Even the methods of astrologers need not
disturb those who are sure of this fact..
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Albert Barnes' Commentary:
Where is he, etc. There was, at this time, a prevalent expectation
that some remarkable personage was about to appear in Judea. The Jews
were anxiously looking for the coming of the Messiah. By computing the
time mentioned by Daniel, (Da 9:25-27,) they knew that the period was
approaching when the Messiah should appear. This personage, they
supposed, would be a temporal prince, and they were expecting that he
would deliver them from Roman bondage. It was natural that this
expectation should spread into other countries. Many Jews, at that time,
dwelt in Eypt, in Rome, and in Greece; many, also, had gone to eastern
countries, and in every place they carried their Scriptures, and
diffused the expectation that some remarkable person was about to
appear. Suetonius, a Roman historian, speaking of this rumour, says
:--"An ancient and settled persuasion prevailed throughout the East,
that the Fates had decreed some one to proceed from Judea, who should
attain universal empire." Tacitus, another Roman historian, says:---
"Many were persuaded that it was contained in the ancient books of their
priests, that at that very time the East should prevail, and that some
one should proceed from Judea and possess the dominion."
Josephus also, and Philo, two Jewish historians, make mention of the
same expectation. The fact that such a person was expected is clearly
attested. Under this expectation these wise men came to do him homage,
and inquired anxiously where he was born?
His star. Among the ancients, the appearance of a star or comet was
regarded as an omen of some remarkable event. Many such appearances are
recorded by the Roman historians at the birth or death of distinguished
men. Thus, they say, that at the death of Julius Caesar a comet appeared
in the heavens, and shone seven days. These wise men also considered
this as an evidence that the long-expected Prince was born. It is
possible that they had been led to this belief by the prophecy of
Balaam, Nu 24:17, "There shall come a star out of Jacob," etc. What this
star was, is not known. There have been many conjectures respecting it,
but nothing is revealed concerning it. We are not to suppose that it was
what we commonly mean by a star. The stars are vast bodies fixed in the
heavens, and it is absurd to suppose that one of them was sent to guide
the wise men. It is most probable that it was a luminous appearance, or
meteor, such as we now see sometimes shoot from the sky, or such as
appear stationary, which the wise men saw, and which directed them to
Jerusalem. It is possible that the same thing is meant which is
mentioned by Lu 2:9--"The glory of the Lord shone round about them,"
i.e., (See Barnes for Lu 2:9 on this place) a great light appeared
shining around them. That light might have been visible from afar, and
have been seen by the wise men in the East.
In the East. This does not mean that they had seen the star to the east
of themselves, but that, when they were in the East, they had seen this
star. As this star was in the direction of Jerusalem, it must have been
west of them. It might be translated, "We, being in the East, have seen
his star." It is called his star, because they supposed it to be
intended to indicate the time and place of his birth.
To worship him. This does not mean that they had come to pay him
religious homage, or to adore him. They regarded him as the King of the
Jews. There is no evidence that they supposed he would be Divine. They
came to honour him as a prince, or a king, not as God. The original word
implies no more than this. It meant to prostrate one's self before
another; to fall down and pay homage to another. This was the mode in
which homage was paid to earthly kings; and this they wished to pay to
the new-born King of the Jews. See the same meaning of the word in Mt
20:20; 18:26; Ac 10:25; Lu 14:10. The English word worship also meant,
formerly, "to respect, to honour, to treat with civil reverence."
(Webster.)
{*} "universal empire" Vespasian, chapter 4.
{ç} "Josephus also" Annals, 5, 13
{c} "King of the Jews" Zec 9:9
{d} "his star" Nu 24:17; Isa 9:3
{e} "worship him" Joh 5:23
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Jamieson-Faussett Brown:
Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews?--From this it would
seem they were not themselves Jews. (Compare the language of the Roman
governor, Joh 18:33, and of the Roman soldiers, Mt 27:29, with the very
different language of the Jews themselves, Mt 27:42, &c.). The Roman
historians, SUETONIUS and TACITUS, bear witness to an expectation,
prevalent in the East, that out of Judea should arise a sovereign of the
world.
for we have seen his star in the east--Much has been written on the
subject of this star; but from all that is here said it is perhaps
safest to regard it as simply a luminous meteor, which appeared under
special laws and for a special purpose.
and are come to worship him--to do Him homage, as the word signifies;
the nature of that homage depending on the circumstances of the case.
That not civil but religious homage is meant here is plain from the
whole strain of the narrative, and particularly Mt 2:11. Doubtless these
simple strangers expected all Jerusalem to be full of its new-born King,
and the time, place, and circumstances of His birth to be familiar to
every one. Little would they think that the first announcement of His
birth would come from themselves, and still less could they anticipate
the startling, instead of transporting, effect which it would
produce--else they would probably have sought their information
regarding His birthplace in some other quarter. But God overruled it to
draw forth a noble testimony to the predicted birthplace of Messiah from
the highest ecclesiastical authority in the nation.
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Spurgeon Commentary:
What a child was this, with the fullness of divine grace upon him! Lord
Jesus, make our sons and daughters to be like thee while they are yet
children.
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William Burkitt's Notes:
Observe here, 1. The enquiry that they make after Christ: they do not
ask whether he was born, but where he was born; not doubting of the
fact, but ignorant of the place.
Observe, 2. The ground of their enquiry: For we have seen his star, They
had seen a star; but how did they know it was his star? Probably by
divine revelation; they had a light within,, as well as a star without,
or they had never seen Christ. It is likely the Holy Spirit's
illumination accompanied the star's apparition. As God made known the
birth of Christ to the Jews by an angel, so he manifested the same to
the Gentiles by a new-created star.
Observe, 3. The end of their journey; We are come to worship him; that
is, to pay all that honour and homage which is due to a great and mighty
prince; all that adoration and worship which belongs to the promised
Messiah, the redeemer of the world. All honour and homage, all glory and
worship, is due to Christ from the sons of men, and will be given him by
those that know him.
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Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary:
(No comment on this verse)
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The Fourfold Gospel:
Where is he? They seem to have expected to find all Jerusalem knowing
and worshiping this new-born King. Their disappointment is shared by
many modern converts from heathendom who visit so-called Christian
countries, and are filled with astonishment and sadness at the ignorance
and unbelief which they discover.
That is born King of the Jews. These words were calculated to startle
Herod, who was by birth neither king nor Jew. This title was accorded to
Jesus by Pilate, who wrote it in his inscription, and caused it to be
placed over the head of Christ upon the cross (Joh 19:19). None has
borne the title since; so Jesus has stood before the world for nearly
two thousand years as the last and only king of the Jews. The king of
the Jews was the prophetically announced ruler of all men.
For we saw. Those in the pagan darkness of the East rejoiced in the
star. It was as "a light that shineth in a dark place" (2Pe 1:19). But
those in Jerusalem appear not to have seen it, and certainly ignored it.
His star. The great astronomer Kepler, ascertaining that there was a
conjunction of the planets Jupiter and Saturn in 747 A.U.C., to which
conjunction the planet Mars was also added in the year 748, suggested
that this grouping of stars may have formed the so-called star of
Bethlehem. But this theory is highly improbable; for these planets never
appeared as one star, for they were never nearer to each other than
double the apparent diameter of the moon. Moreover, the magi used the
word "aster," star, not "astron," a group of stars. Again, the action of
the star of Bethlehem forbids us to think that it was any one of the
ordinary heavenly bodies. It was a specially prepared luminous orb
moving toward Bethlehem as a guiding sign, and resting over the house of
Joseph as an identifying index.
In the east. The magi were in the east; the star was in the west.
And are come. If the reign of Edomite Herod began to fulfill the first
part of Jacob's prophecy by showing the departure of the scepter from
Judah (Ge 49:10), the coming of the Gentile magi began the fulfillment
of the second part by becoming the firstfruits of the gathering of the
people.
To worship him. Was their worship a religious service or a mere
expression of reverence for an earthly king? More likely the former. If
so, the boldness with which they declared their purpose to worship
proved them worthy of the benediction of Him who afterwards said, "And
blessed is he whosoever shall find no occasion of stumbling in me" (Lu
7:23).
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